Hand-Hewn Granite Basins at Native Saltworks in the Sierra
- Vaca Russ
- Topix Expert
- Posts: 809
- Joined: Mon Aug 16, 2010 3:12 pm
- Experience: Level 4 Explorer
- Location: The Nut Tree
Hand-Hewn Granite Basins at Native Saltworks in the Sierra
Where is the site of the oldest business in North America? Could it be hidden in the Sierra?
Earlier this month “Sport” and I backpacked miles and miles into a very special place in the Sierra.
My three girls...#1 is wearing black.
"Somewhere in the Sierra Nevada, a granite terrace the size of a football field holds hundreds of mysterious stone basins representing what geologists believe is one of the earliest known "factories" created and used by ancient Miwok Indians to make tons of salt to trade with tribes up and down California.
James G. Moore, a geologist with the U.S. Geological Survey in Menlo Park, learned of the strangely pitted terrace from detailed maps made more than a century ago and hiked the region in May to study what he determined were clearly hand-hewn objects.
He examined 369 of the circular artifacts only a few yards from two streams of saltwater fed by a nearby spring and a lake that was equally salty.
Moore and his colleague at the USGS, Michael F. Diggles, believe the circular basins were handmade by the Miwok people in an impressive display of early technology. They have published a detailed account of their findings in an official Geological Survey report, but because the area is now an "archaeologically sensitive" site and its location protected by law, Moore is permitted only to say that the basins are in a canyon somewhere within the National Forest.
Records show that early American Indians, including the Miwok people, lived for thousands of years as hunter-gatherers in that area of the Sierra, Moore said, and it is filled with evidence of old settlements, with abundant middens, arrowheads and small stone tools. But learning how long ago the basins were carved awaits high-tech dating.
The basins average more than a yard in diameter and are more than 2 feet deep.
To create them, Moor and Diggles said, Miwok tribe members built fires on the granite surface that heated the stone until it fractured. They then crumbled and pounded the fractures with stone tools and removed the debris, inch by inch, until the basins were formed.
Diggles estimated it took Miwok workers nearly a year to complete a single one. He calculated that each fire used to dig a single layer of rock deepened the granite by no more than a centimeter. The process, he said, must have been repeated 100 times to make a single basin.
He said he believes the Miwok people carried water from the streams in watertight woven baskets, poured it into the basins and let it evaporate in the summer heat until the dry salt could be scooped out. The salt content of the water and the rate of water flow indicate that the two streams probably yielded about 3 tons of salt each year, Moore said.
The people of the area, he said, "had a large and valuable surplus to trade with other tribes - an early example of commerce by hunter-gatherer people."
"Salt was an important commodity for Native Americans," UC Berkeley's Lightfoot said. "It is certainly possible that salt harvested from these basins could have been traded to other native groups in California and the Great Basin (east of the Sierra).
"Further work will be needed to develop a solid chronology for the basins.""
I had a great time exploring this secret “archaeologically sensitive" site and its location protected by law. I particularly enjoyed my company.
I hope you enjoyed reading my report.
Thanks,
-Russ
Earlier this month “Sport” and I backpacked miles and miles into a very special place in the Sierra.
My three girls...#1 is wearing black.
"Somewhere in the Sierra Nevada, a granite terrace the size of a football field holds hundreds of mysterious stone basins representing what geologists believe is one of the earliest known "factories" created and used by ancient Miwok Indians to make tons of salt to trade with tribes up and down California.
James G. Moore, a geologist with the U.S. Geological Survey in Menlo Park, learned of the strangely pitted terrace from detailed maps made more than a century ago and hiked the region in May to study what he determined were clearly hand-hewn objects.
He examined 369 of the circular artifacts only a few yards from two streams of saltwater fed by a nearby spring and a lake that was equally salty.
Moore and his colleague at the USGS, Michael F. Diggles, believe the circular basins were handmade by the Miwok people in an impressive display of early technology. They have published a detailed account of their findings in an official Geological Survey report, but because the area is now an "archaeologically sensitive" site and its location protected by law, Moore is permitted only to say that the basins are in a canyon somewhere within the National Forest.
Records show that early American Indians, including the Miwok people, lived for thousands of years as hunter-gatherers in that area of the Sierra, Moore said, and it is filled with evidence of old settlements, with abundant middens, arrowheads and small stone tools. But learning how long ago the basins were carved awaits high-tech dating.
The basins average more than a yard in diameter and are more than 2 feet deep.
To create them, Moor and Diggles said, Miwok tribe members built fires on the granite surface that heated the stone until it fractured. They then crumbled and pounded the fractures with stone tools and removed the debris, inch by inch, until the basins were formed.
Diggles estimated it took Miwok workers nearly a year to complete a single one. He calculated that each fire used to dig a single layer of rock deepened the granite by no more than a centimeter. The process, he said, must have been repeated 100 times to make a single basin.
He said he believes the Miwok people carried water from the streams in watertight woven baskets, poured it into the basins and let it evaporate in the summer heat until the dry salt could be scooped out. The salt content of the water and the rate of water flow indicate that the two streams probably yielded about 3 tons of salt each year, Moore said.
The people of the area, he said, "had a large and valuable surplus to trade with other tribes - an early example of commerce by hunter-gatherer people."
"Salt was an important commodity for Native Americans," UC Berkeley's Lightfoot said. "It is certainly possible that salt harvested from these basins could have been traded to other native groups in California and the Great Basin (east of the Sierra).
"Further work will be needed to develop a solid chronology for the basins.""
I had a great time exploring this secret “archaeologically sensitive" site and its location protected by law. I particularly enjoyed my company.
I hope you enjoyed reading my report.
Thanks,
-Russ
You do not have the required permissions to view the files attached to this post.
Last edited by Vaca Russ on Mon Dec 31, 2012 7:02 am, edited 1 time in total.
"...Or have you only comfort, and the lust for comfort, that stealthy thing that enters the house a guest, and then becomes a host and then a master?"
Kahil Gibran.
Kahil Gibran.
- balzaccom
- Topix Addict
- Posts: 2987
- Joined: Wed Dec 17, 2008 9:22 pm
- Experience: N/A
Re: Hand-Hewn Granite Basins at Native American Saltworks in Sie
Very cool post. Thanks!
Check our our website: http://www.backpackthesierra.com/
Or just read a good mystery novel set in the Sierra; https://www.amazon.com/Danger-Falling-R ... 0984884963
Or just read a good mystery novel set in the Sierra; https://www.amazon.com/Danger-Falling-R ... 0984884963
- kpeter
- Topix Fanatic
- Posts: 1451
- Joined: Mon Jan 04, 2010 1:11 pm
- Experience: Level 3 Backpacker
Re: Hand-Hewn Granite Basins at Native American Saltworks in Sie
Fascinating. I've come across small pits in granite created as grinding areas--usually for grinding acorns, but this is of a different order of magnitude.
What I don't understand is why the streams were so salty? Clearly this is a special place due to salt water being available to run the evaporators. But I've never come across an inland stream that was salty.
What I don't understand is why the streams were so salty? Clearly this is a special place due to salt water being available to run the evaporators. But I've never come across an inland stream that was salty.
- Ikan Mas
- Topix Regular
- Posts: 374
- Joined: Tue Nov 10, 2009 9:43 pm
- Experience: N/A
Re: Hand-Hewn Granite Basins at Native American Saltworks in Sie
Wow! It would be neat to be able to see these, but I understand the sensitivity, especially considering what happened to petroglyphs near Bishop. Lets hope they remain "off the radar" as there is no shortage of jerks that would damage such a treasure. Thanks for sharing.
- Electra
- Topix Acquainted
- Posts: 70
- Joined: Mon Aug 06, 2007 4:46 pm
- Experience: N/A
- Location: SF/Yosemite
Re: Hand-Hewn Granite Basins at Native American Saltworks in Sie
This is really cool and amazing. I am always impressed with the ingenuity, persistence and smarts of those 'before us'.
It is fun to look at the photos and associated facts and try to deduct where this might be. I would guess an elevation of 4500-6000 and more northern sierra....
It is fun to look at the photos and associated facts and try to deduct where this might be. I would guess an elevation of 4500-6000 and more northern sierra....
Dan Braun
Camp Navarro, Evergreen Lodge & SYMG
Camp Navarro, Evergreen Lodge & SYMG
- rlown
- Topix Docent
- Posts: 8224
- Joined: Thu Oct 25, 2007 5:00 pm
- Experience: Level 4 Explorer
- Location: Wilton, CA
Re: Hand-Hewn Granite Basins at Native American Saltworks in Sie
I would guess we shouldn't guess if they're sensitive. Are they protected?
- Electra
- Topix Acquainted
- Posts: 70
- Joined: Mon Aug 06, 2007 4:46 pm
- Experience: N/A
- Location: SF/Yosemite
Re: Hand-Hewn Granite Basins at Native American Saltworks in Sie
ah yes, the intricacies of communicating on the internet. I am by no means trying to figure out where this is and do not want Russ to reveal anything...i just found myself studying the photos and i figured many others did so as well and thought, detective anyone. With the petroglyph stuff going on, i can understand the sensitivity. As Leslie Nielson said in the Naked Gun: 'Nothing to Look at here"....
I bet the runoff from the latest storms has filled all the holes....
* added after a cup of coffee this morning: My original post also was slightly in jest and very general since if one knows miwok history, they are northern sierra (yosemite and north typically). Elevation guess solely based on look of scrappy glacial polish and look of area/brush/tress, etc..you get the point.
I bet the runoff from the latest storms has filled all the holes....
* added after a cup of coffee this morning: My original post also was slightly in jest and very general since if one knows miwok history, they are northern sierra (yosemite and north typically). Elevation guess solely based on look of scrappy glacial polish and look of area/brush/tress, etc..you get the point.
Dan Braun
Camp Navarro, Evergreen Lodge & SYMG
Camp Navarro, Evergreen Lodge & SYMG
- Jason
- Topix Regular
- Posts: 324
- Joined: Fri Jun 19, 2009 11:13 am
- Experience: N/A
Re: Hand-Hewn Granite Basins at Native American Saltworks in Sie
Very cool. Thanks for posting!
- vandman
- Topix Regular
- Posts: 283
- Joined: Wed Jul 15, 2009 1:08 pm
- Experience: Level 4 Explorer
- Location: Charlotte, NC
Re: Hand-Hewn Granite Basins at Native American Saltworks in Sie
very good report. i know where this is located.
http://wildernessjournals.tumblr.com" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;
http://vanmiller.tumblr.com" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;
http://vanmiller.tumblr.com" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;
- adam921
- Topix Acquainted
- Posts: 31
- Joined: Fri Mar 23, 2012 12:52 pm
- Experience: N/A
Who is online
Users browsing this forum: No registered users and 2 guests