A lot of relevant points by Wandering Daisy (vs whether cats or dogs have more utility), so I’ll respond to some of them.
Wandering Daisy wrote: ↑Wed Sep 07, 2022 9:05 pm
The term "well trained dog" can vary a lot in what specifically they were trained to do. For example, not all "well trained dogs" can do what police dogs do, or dogs that care for disabled. A well trained wilderness dog should have come in contact with a wide variety of wildlife as part of their training. This training is done small steps at a time. It is a gradual process. And it never ends. Every trip you take your dog on is also a training session. Basic training is obeying his master. More complex training involves behavior in situations even when his master is not present. I suspect that Harlen's dogs have had experience with many forms of wildlife and could likely appropriately behave even when Harlen is not right beside them. I also bet that Harlen and his dogs go days without seeing any other person. I also think Harlen would put his dog on a leash if needed.
re: leashing them when necessary, Harlen will restrain them for the children or elderly but won't go beyond that. I've indicated privately multiple times that if we meet I don't want his dogs approaching me, and his stance hasn't changed from engagement being up to his dogs, not me or him.
He essentially rewrote his entire response
here a day later (the one edit on it).
Originally his dogs would run up to me if they saw me, which was changed to they may choose to approach me. Behavior when doing so changed from wagging their tails to having their ears down in a clear sign of submission. The comments about them being under specific voice control were added later, where originally they needed to be restrained from approaching people. That's a lot of training to happen in one day even given that it's an ongoing process!
I didn't see that it was rewritten until writing this post when I went back for quotes, but the general argument of "should I have to interpret his dogs, or should he call them back" still stands IMO.
I do agree that varying interpretations of what "trained" mean are a general issue, but the poll options are long enough as is.

The official definition as according to Inyo NFS Supervisor’s Office is:
“Our law enforcement officers describe a dog under voice control looks exactly like an invisible 6 foot leash. If the dog is farther than 6 feet from the owner, does not respond to a voice command immediately the first time command is given, the dog is not under control.”
Wandering Daisy wrote: ↑Wed Sep 07, 2022 9:05 pm
The "rule" that your dog is always right at your side is unrealistic. Yes, when on busy trails. A moot point when you are where you seldom see others.
What should a reasonable maximum distance be? If a dog is well enough trained should it be allowed out of line of sight of the owner?
I’ve taken a stab at recommending clearer / updated regs to Inyo (for whatever that’s worth!). What do you think of the following?
viewtopic.php?f=9&t=22503&p=174831#p174831
I would assume that the further a dog is from their owner the less control the owner has, and I've seen dogs exhibit behavior that is out of character with some external stimulus. Friends have a friendly mellow dog that I like (I've housesat for them a few times as one of their other dogs is a reactive rescue and I'm basically the only family member it won't be aggressive towards) that once was jumping up at a window and barking at me because another dog nearby was barking at something else. Once she realized it was me she was very sheepish (which was cute), but in that case I had an existing relationship for that behavior to change.
Wandering Daisy wrote: ↑Wed Sep 07, 2022 9:05 pm
Given that it is a lot of work to have a really well trained wilderness dog, leashes are wise for most backpackers with dogs. I really think most owners fully know if their dog is well trained. A lot are not and if the owner is honest, they will leash their dog around people and wildlife.
Dogs can sense when a person fears them or does not like dogs. So maybe other backpackers need to let the dog owner that they are not "dog friendly". Like say "heads up- dogs do not like me, be careful with your dog". Or perhaps some better wording.
I see a decent amount of dogs leashed, and vast the majority that aren't are within 6 feet of their owners on trail. A small amount of people genuinely think that having their dog run up to people is fun for everyone and don’t do anything to try and stop that from happening. In such cases the dog is generally mellow, but I have no idea of whether that will change or not and how well trained the dog is.
An issue with asking dog owners to leash or restrain their dogs without that being a regulation is that it's not uncommon for them to get defensive and refuse to do so (this isn’t just my experience). I find it easier to step aside and keep my poles between me and them when there is room to do so vs trying to engage with the owner.

- asking people to leash/restrain dogs
I do agree with you that dog owners that keep their dogs leashed because they know they are not adequately trained (and some dogs never will be for whatever reason) are being responsible and not engaging in inexcusable torture.
Wandering Daisy wrote: ↑Wed Sep 07, 2022 9:05 pm
And a trail over-run with dogs can be a big problem. I have had issues with the number of dogs on the trails out of Rock Creek. The solution to this is perhaps to allow dogs on more trails to spread out the use.
Given that they are allowed on all NFS trails (as far as I know), are you advocating that they be allowed on trail and in wilderness in national parks? There’s a LOT of NFS trails as is that aren’t overrun with dogs (in and out of wilderness), as well as dedicated dog parks, BLM land, etc.
Wandering Daisy wrote: ↑Thu Sep 08, 2022 8:24 am
So was that bite out in the wilderness or in town? How old was the dog? What provoked the bite?
My dog has been attacked by another dog that WAS on a leash. This whole issue is more complex than just the leash.
I agree that just keeping a dog on a 6 foot leash doesn’t solve them being aggressive, especially as there are times (on switchbacks etc) where you can’t avoid getting within 6 feet of a dog. Having them be restrained whenever someone is near seems like the only 100% solution to prevent attacks. Ironically domesticated dogs are the only animals I’m concerned about in the Sierra attacking me unprovoked - black bears just want food, coyotes are skittish, etc.
update: edited in some more sources & info, fixed some typos.